The Difference between Topical and Penetrating Sealers Explained

Stone Sealers for Quartz, Travertine, Marble and Limestone

Quick summary: A topical sealant sits on the surface of the stone; penetrating sealers fill stone pores by penetrating the surface.

Surface Porosity and Permeability

Porosity, the measurement of tiny open spaces or pores in a stone compared to its solid volume, varies among different types of stones. Igneous stones generally have low porosity, while metamorphic and sedimentary stones tend to have higher porosity due to the presence of tiny grains that, even when tightly compacted, leave gaps.

On the other hand, permeability, although related, is distinct from porosity. Permeability refers to a material's ability to transmit fluids. In the case of stones, fluids transmit through pores and capillary structures present within the stone.

Thus, if a material is both porous and permeable, it is more capable of absorbing liquids and other substances. While this can have advantages in terms of water filtration, it can be problematic when it comes to items like countertops that can absorb water and acidic liquids. This absorption can weaken the stone, leading to fractures or breakage.

Compared to other common countertop materials, granite exhibits relatively low porosity, although it still possesses some. On the other hand, limestone and sandstone are highly porous and readily absorb liquids, making them susceptible to etching and wearing away when exposed to acids.

Explaining different types of stone sealer

Topical Sealers

Topical Sealants are particularly suitable for highly porous stones like limestone and sandstone, where their ability to create a barrier against liquid absorption is crucial. They form a protective layer that prevents liquids and food particles from seeping into the stone. It offers the added benefit of giving the stone a glossy appearance, although it can sometimes darken the colour slightly. 

While a topical sealant protects the stone from scratches and etching, it is important to note that the sealant itself can be susceptible to scratches and scrapes. However, any such damage can be easily rectified by re-sealing the stone.

One potential drawback of topical sealants is that they can trap moisture within the stone. This may lead to issues such as efflorescence or discolouration over time. Additionally, topical sealants tend to wear away relatively quickly, especially in high-traffic areas. Depending on usage, you may need to re-seal the surface every 6 months to 1 year.

Penetrating Sealers

In contrast to topical sealants, penetrating (aka impregnating) sealers penetrate the surface of the stone and fill the pores from within. As such, they effectively prevent liquids from penetrating and being absorbed into the stone.

One notable advantage of penetrating sealers is that they do not alter the colour of the stone - there's no discolouration. They provide protection without affecting the natural appearance of the stone's surface.

However, it is important to keep in mind that penetrating sealers do not offer the same level of protection against scratches and etching as topical sealants. Additionally, they do not trap moisture within the stone, allowing it to "breathe" naturally.

Compared to topical sealants, penetrating sealers are generally more expensive. However, they form a permanent, chemical bond with the stone, offering long-lasting protection that can endure for years without the need for frequent re-application.

 

Matching Stone Surfaces with the Right Sealer:

- Quartz: No Sealer Required - Topical sealers are not necessary for quartz as it is non-porous while penetrating sealers are not applicable.

- Porcelain: No Sealer Required - Generally the same as quartz tiling, floors and walls.

- Marble: Topical Sealer -  Before applying the sealer to the entire surface, we recommend conducting a small test in an inconspicuous area of the marble tiles. Let the sealer sit on the marble tiles for the recommended time specified by the manufacturer.

- Granite: Penetrating Sealer - Typically, you will pour a small amount of the sealer onto the surface and spread it evenly using a clean cloth or applicator. Allow the sealer to penetrate the granite for the recommended time before wiping away the excess. Allow 24 to 48 hours for the curing process.

- Limestone: Penetrating Sealer

- Travertine: A penetrating sealer is generally considered the best option.

 

Properties of each stone surface type

Marble is a luxurious and elegant natural stone primarily composed of calcite. It has a distinct veined appearance and a moderate level of porosity. Marble is more prone to staining, etching, and water absorption compared to other stones. We recommend a topical sealer to protect marble. The topical creates a barrier on the surface, preventing liquids from seeping into the stone and causing damage.

Granite is a natural stone mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is highly durable and resistant to scratches, heat, and stains. Granite is typically less porous compared to other stones, but it still has some level of porosity. A penetrating sealer is recommended for granite to fill its microscopic pores and provide long-lasting protection without altering its natural appearance.

Quartz: Quartz is an engineered stone made primarily of quartz particles and resins. It is known for its non-porous nature, making it highly resistant to stains and bacteria. Quartz surfaces do not have open pores so a topical sealer is not required or recommended.

Porcelain: Porcelain is a man-made material consisting of finely ground clay, minerals, and pigments. It is created through a process of high-temperature firing, resulting in a dense, non-porous surface. Due to its low porosity, porcelain does not require sealing, making it easy to clean and maintain.

Travertine is a form of limestone that is created through the precipitation of mineral-rich water in natural springs or caves. This process results in unique patterns and textures, with characteristic voids and holes that can be filled or left unfilled, depending on the desired look. 

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Can I Combine Penetrating and Topical Sealers? Stone Protection & Water Repellency

In some cases, it may be beneficial to use both topical and penetrating sealers together. This approach combines the benefits of surface protection and deep penetration. However, it is essential to note that topical sealants require regular re-application to maintain their effectiveness.

To determine whether your stone requires resealing, you can perform a simple water test. Place a few drops of water on the stone's surface and observe how it behaves. If the water is quickly absorbed, it is an indication that the stone needs to be resealed. On the other hand, if the water remains pooled on the surface, the sealant is still effective.

When refurbishing floor or wall tiles, or installing a replacement or a new floor, consider the exceptional qualities of Quartz, Limestone, Travertine, and Marble, together with the best suited sealer to showcase the unique beauty, durability, and versatility of your chosen stone.

Find out more

For more information don’t be afraid to get in contact. We are always happy to answer any questions and give advice for using our products that are most suited for you. 

What is more, any advice we do give to you will come for free so don’t hesitate to give us a call or send an email whenever you need it. 

For friendly advice, give us a call at 0121 773 9129 or send us a message online.

Remember to visit the Tiling Logistics blog for recommendations on the best surface restoration equipment and how to use them. All of our blogs are written by our group of experts for DIY and professional use. 

Here at Tiling Logistics, our team has a passion for and over 15 years of first-hand experience with stone and tile surface treatment. This time has given them a great understanding of the best products, tools and methods for treating stone and tile surfaces. Whether you are working in a domestic, commercial or industrial property, Tiling Logistics will be able to offer you the right advice when you need it. 

Best Stone Floor Protector UK Impregnating Sealer for Tile Flooring - Free Delivery to England Wales and Scotland

Order online for delivery throughout the United Kingdom. Investing in a high-quality impregnating sealer from tilinglogistics.co.uk is crucial to protect and prolong the lifespan of your stone floors. Remember, when it comes to stone, porosity and permeability play a significant role in its durability and susceptibility to damage. Choosing the right stone for your specific needs, considering factors such as porosity and potential staining, will help ensure the longevity and aesthetic appeal of your surfaces.